Bundle tail fibers, also known as ribbon fibers, are multiple fibers that are aligned and bonded together in a ribbon-like shape. At the first step of phage infection, the receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) such as tail fibers are responsible for recognizing specific host surface receptors. Instead of having individual round cables, ribbon cables have several fibers laid out side by side, typically in a flat and compact. The bundle tail fiber is a crucial component in the fiber optic cable assembly, and any failure in this component can significantly impact the performance of the entire system. The individual fibers are separated by a thin film layer that.